Untreated Sleep Apnea May be Dangerous

Sleep apnea, a sleep disorder marked by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, poses significant health risks if left untreated. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), the most common form, affects an estimated 936 million adults globally, with a notable prevalence among 26% of men and 11% of women in the United States. In India 50 million people are affected with sleep apnea alone. Despite its widespread impact, a staggering 80% to 90% of OSA cases remain undiagnosed, leaving millions vulnerable to serious health complications.

Untreated sleep apnea has its profound impact over different health conditions like cardiovascular health, diabetes, cancer, obesity, neurodegeneration, mental health disorders, autoimmune diseases, infection susceptibility, and overall mortality.

Cardiac conditions

conditions are directly linked with untreated sleep apnea are uncontrolled hypertension ,heart failure, atrial fibrillation (Afib), and stroke

Diabetes 

Research indicates that individuals with untreated sleep apnea are up to 2.5 times more likely to develop diabetes compared to those without the disorder.

Cancer

. Research indicates that individuals with untreated sleep apnea have a higher likelihood of developing cancers, particularly those of the lung, kidney, and skin. The chronic intermittent hypoxia (low oxygen levels) caused by sleep apnea is believed to promote tumor growth and cancer metastasis (spreading). 

Obesity 

studies showing that the prevalence of sleep apnea in obese individuals is significantly higher compared to those with normal weight. 

The mechanisms underlying this relationship involve disrupted sleep patterns and hormonal imbalances caused by sleep apnea, which can increase appetite and reduce energy expenditure. Sleep deprivation from sleep apnea leads to elevated levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin and decreased levels of leptin, the hormone that signals fullness, making it difficult to lose weight and easier to gain weight. Additionally, fatigue from poor sleep quality reduces physical activity, further contributing to weight gain. 

Neurodegeneration

Studies indicate that individuals with untreated OSA are up to twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. The mechanisms behind this link involve chronic intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep, which can lead to the accumulation of toxic plaques and proteins in the brain—hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, poor sleep quality from sleep apnea can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, further contributing to neuronal damage and cognitive decline. 

Mental Health Disorders

. Studies have found that individuals with untreated sleep apnea are 2 to 3 times more likely to experience depression and anxiety compared to those without the disorder. 

The mechanisms underlying this association include chronic sleep disruption and intermittent

Autoimmune Disease

Studies have shown that individuals with untreated sleep apnea are significantly more likely to develop autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus with some research indicating up to a 50% increased risk.

Infection and Illness 

Sleep apnea increases an individual’s risk for infectious diseases, including respiratory infections and pneumonia. Research indicates that individuals with untreated sleep apnea have a significantly increased likelihood of developing infections, with some studies suggesting a 3-4 times higher risk for respiratory infections such as COVID and Flu.

Early Death

Sleep apnea is highly correlated with a reduced lifespan and early death, particularly from cardiovascular disease and other related complications. Studies have shown that untreated severe sleep apnea can more than double the risk of premature death.

CPAP/BIPAP THERAPIES

Successful use of OSA therapy has been demonstrated to reduce mortality risk in individuals with sleep apnea by improving oxygenation, enhancing sleep quality, and alleviating the cardiovascular strain caused by apnea episodes. By addressing these underlying mechanisms, therapy helps mitigate the risks associated with sleep apnea and promotes better long-term health outcomes, potentially extending lifespan.

DR. RITU DAGA